Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences and Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, (UFF), Federal Fluminense University NiterĂ³i-Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Instituted, Stockholm, Sweden. Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. KU Leuven Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Nephrology; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Nephrology, Leuven, Belgium. Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Instituted, Stockholm, Sweden. peter.stenvinkel@ki.se.